In a small bowl, whisk together the orange juice and a pinch of kosher salt. Add the olive oil and whisk to combine. Set aside.
Combine the barley, fennel, pinenuts, Parmesan, bacon, and parsley in a large mixing bowl. Add the dressing and stir to combine. Season, to taste, with salt and pepper. Serve immediately or allow to sit in the refrigerator for up to 1 hour.